Glossary

Pet food glossary

176 concepts about ingredients, labels, nutrients and formats.

176 results

Sunflower oil

Plant fat rich in linoleic acid; unlike fish oil it does not provide marine omega-3.

Fish oil

A fat source that can provide EPA and DHA.

Salmon oil

Fish oil that may supply omega 3 fatty acids. Its presence on a label does not automatically reveal the EPA and DHA in one serving.

Alpha-linolenic acid

Essential plant omega-3; it is not equivalent to fish EPA or DHA.

Arachidonic acid

Essential fatty acid for cats, obtained mainly from animal ingredients.

Linoleic acid

Essential omega-6 found in plant and animal fats; the whole diet matters.

Fatty acids

Components of fats related to energy, skin, coat and cells.

Active

A formula usually aimed at animals with higher activity levels.

Water activity

Measure of water available to microorganisms in food; it differs from total moisture. It helps explain why some formats require more preservation.

Adult

Food formulated for the adult life stage.

Water

An essential nutrient; availability and intake are fundamental.

Food allergy

An adverse immune reaction to food components; veterinary assessment is required.

Carob

Ground pod used for fiber and flavour; it is not cocoa.

Mixed feeding

A planned combination of dry and wet food.

Alimento complementario

A product not designed to be the sole daily food source.

Alimento completo

A product formulated to meet daily nutritional needs on its own when fed correctly.

Starch

Carbohydrate in grains and tubers; cooking improves digestibility.

Beans

Legume with starch, fiber and plant protein; distinguish its role in the recipe.

Amino acids

The building blocks of proteins; some must be obtained through the diet.

Guaranteed analysis

Label statement of minimum or maximum nutrient levels. To compare wet and dry foods, convert percentages to dry matter or compare nutrients per calorie.

Antioxidants

Substances that help protect cells from oxidative damage.

Blueberry

Fruit often used in small amounts; check the actual percentage in the recipe.

Cranberry

Fruit or extract; inclusion does not turn food into a urinary treatment.

Herring

A fish used whole or as a processed ingredient in some recipes. For a confirmed food allergy, check the complete and current ingredient list of the exact product.

Arginine

Essential amino acid for cats; a severe shortage can cause problems quickly.

Rice

A grain used as a source of carbohydrates.

Brown rice

Rice retaining bran, with starch and more fiber than polished rice.

Ascophyllum nodosum

Brown seaweed in some recipes and dental products; check amount and iodine.

Oats

A grain that provides carbohydrates and fibre.

Whole oats

Grain with starch and fiber; its ingredient order reflects pre-processing weight.

BARF

Raw feeding that requires nutritional balance and strict hygiene.

Calorie basis

A way to state nutrients for the same energy amount, such as per 1,000 kcal. Useful when two recipes have very different calorie densities.

Biotin

A B-group vitamin related to metabolism, skin and coat.

Sweet potato

A tuber used as a source of carbohydrates and fibre.

Calcium

An essential mineral for bones, teeth, muscles and other processes.

Calcium per 1000 kcal

Calcium expressed relative to food energy, useful when comparing recipes with different calories per gram. The pack's calcium percentage does not tell the whole story. Ask the manufacturer for this figure when a clinically important comparison is needed.

Broth

A liquid preparation that can support hydration or palatability.

Calories per cup

The estimated energy in a volume measure of dry food. Kibbles differ in density and a household cup may not match the manufacturer's cup. For repeatable portions, weigh the grams and check the food's calories per gram.

Carbohydrates

Nutrients that can provide energy and include starches and different types of fibre.

Dehydrated meat

A meat ingredient from which much of the water has been removed.

Fresh meat

A meat ingredient added with its natural moisture before processing.

Barley

Grain with starch and fiber that contains gluten; review the whole recipe.

Cenizas

Indicates total mineral content remaining after analysis; it does not mean ash is added to the food.

Cereales

Rice, corn, oats and other grains can provide energy and nutrients. Their presence or absence alone does not define quality.

Cystine

Form of two cysteine molecules; contributes sulfur amino acids.

Coconut

Coconut flesh, flour and oil have different fat and fiber content.

Comida húmeda

Cans, pouches and other high-moisture foods that can help increase water intake.

Analytical constituents

Declared values such as protein, fat, fibre, ash and moisture.

Body condition

Assessment of body fat used to adjust feeding and manage weight.

Muscle condition

An assessment of a pet's muscle mass, distinct from body fat. An animal can be overweight while losing muscle. If you notice wasting over the back or head, ask a veterinarian to assess it before simply increasing food.

Storage

Storage conditions needed to maintain safety and quality.

Storage after opening

Instructions for storing food once opened: sealing, refrigeration where required and the manufacturer's recommended time. Do not treat an open tin like a bag of kibble. Record the opening date and use clean utensils.

Weight control

A nutritional approach intended to help maintain an appropriate body condition.

Heart

Animal muscle tissue sometimes listed with offal; check species and percentage.

Kibble

A piece of dry food whose shape and size vary by product.

Energy density

Energy supplied by a quantity of food, usually kcal per 100 g or per kg. It affects portion size, which also depends on the animal.

Dental

A term used for products aimed at oral care.

Dehydrated

A product from which much of the water has been removed.

DHA

A long-chain omega-3 relevant to development and nervous tissue.

Elimination diet

A controlled protocol used to investigate adverse reactions under professional supervision.

Veterinary diet

A dietetic food formulated for particular nutritional purposes.

Digestibility

The proportion of ingested nutrients that can be digested and absorbed.

Electrolytes

Electrically charged minerals involved in hydration and cell function.

Metabolisable energy

An estimate of the food energy available to the animal.

Energy per pack

The total kilocalories in a tin, pouch or tray. This helps calculate a daily ration when you serve the whole pack or combine it with kibble. Check the net weight and do not confuse kcal per 100 g with kcal per pack.

EPA

A long-chain omega-3 fatty acid found especially in marine sources.

Extrusion

A manufacturing process widely used to produce kibble.

Best-before date

The date until which the manufacturer expects unopened food to retain its intended properties when stored as directed. Also inspect the pack, batch and storage conditions. After opening a tin or bag, follow that product's separate storage instructions.

FEDIAF

A European federation that publishes reference nutritional guidelines for pet food.

Phenylalanine

Essential amino acid involved in protein and other compound synthesis.

Fibra

A component that can affect intestinal transit, satiety and stool characteristics.

Fermentable fiber

Fiber gut microbes can break down; amount and tolerance vary by animal.

Insoluble fiber

Fiber that holds less water and adds bulk to intestinal contents. Its effect depends on the fiber source, dose and species.

Soluble fiber

Fiber that mixes with water and may ferment in the gut. Not all dietary fiber behaves alike; source and amount matter.

Life-stage formulation

The life stage a food is formulated for, such as growth, maintenance or reproduction. Check species, stage and whether it is labeled complete.

FOS

Fructooligosaccharides used as prebiotic fibre.

Phosphorus

An essential mineral whose balance with calcium is important.

Phosphorus per 1000 kcal

Phosphorus expressed relative to food energy rather than only as a weight percentage. It can help compare diets with different moisture or calorie density. If phosphorus must be restricted for a medical condition, the veterinarian should choose the diet.

Protein fraction

The ingredients contributing protein to a recipe. The crude protein figure alone does not reveal their origin, quality or digestibility.

Fructooligosaccharides (FOS)

Fermentable carbohydrates used as prebiotics in some recipes. Their presence on a label alone does not prove a clinical benefit for an individual animal.

Chickpeas

Legume with starch, fiber and plant protein; check its proportion in the recipe.

Gastrointestinal

A term related to digestion and the gastrointestinal tract.

Grain Free

Food formulated without grains. It is not automatically better for every pet; the full formula and individual tolerance matter.

Chicken fat

Concentrated energy source; not equivalent to chicken meat as a protein source.

Fats

A concentrated source of energy and essential fatty acids.

Peas

A legume used as a source of carbohydrates, fibre and plant protein.

Hairball

A common cat-food term for formulas aimed at hairball management.

Meat meal

A concentrated animal-origin ingredient obtained through processing.

Hepatic

A term associated with the liver; therapeutic diets require veterinary guidance.

Liver

An organ included in some pet food recipes. It can add nutrients and flavor, but its presence alone says nothing about the amount or overall balance.

Hipoalergénico

Foods formulated to reduce the likelihood of adverse reactions. Clinical cases should follow veterinary guidance.

Histidine

Essential amino acid; requirements vary by species and life stage.

Dried egg

Egg with water removed; do not compare its weight directly with fresh egg.

Whole egg

Animal ingredient with protein and fat; may be fresh or dried.

Humedad

The percentage of water in the food. Wet food contains much more water than dry food.

Indoor

A formula generally intended for animals that live mainly indoors.

Main ingredient

An ingredient listed among the first by weight before processing.

Food intolerance

An adverse food reaction that does not necessarily involve an immune mechanism.

Inulin

A fermentable fibre that can act as a prebiotic.

Isoleucine

Essential branched-chain amino acid supplied by a complete diet.

Kilocalories

A common unit used to express the energy content of food.

Kilocalories per 100 g

A practical unit for comparing the energy of two foods. Check whether the figure is for food as sold, as water greatly affects comparisons.

Can

A common wet-food format in a metal container.

Legumes

Group including lentils, peas and chickpeas; they are not one ingredient.

Lentils

Legume supplying fiber, starch and plant protein; assess the entire formula.

Leucine

Essential branched-chain amino acid used in body proteins.

Brewer's yeast

Inactive yeast used for flavour; it does not replace a balanced diet.

Light

A term used for foods with an energy-control focus.

Freeze-dried

A product dehydrated using freezing and vacuum.

Lysine

Essential amino acid whose availability depends on protein source and processing.

Ingredient list

The list of raw materials declared on the packaging.

Batch

A code identifying a specific production run and enabling traceability.

Magnesium

A mineral involved in numerous physiological functions.

Maize

A grain that can provide energy and technological functionality.

Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS)

Components often derived from yeast cell walls and used as prebiotics. Inspect the full formula rather than inferring an outcome from one ingredient.

Dry matter

The portion of food left after removing water. Expressing protein or fat on a dry matter basis makes wet and dry foods more comparable.

Methionine

Essential sulfur amino acid; it may also appear as a supplement on labels.

Gut microbiota

The community of microorganisms living in the intestinal tract.

Millet

Grain common in bird mixes; a seeds-only diet may be unbalanced.

Monoproteico

Food whose main animal protein comes from one source, which may simplify ingredient control.

MOS

Mannan-oligosaccharides used in some formulas.

Mousse

A soft, airy texture used in some wet foods.

Omega-3

A family of essential fatty acids associated with skin, coat and other physiological functions.

Omega-6

A family of essential fatty acids important for skin and coat.

Palatability

How readily food is accepted based on smell, taste, texture and other factors.

Potato

A tuber used as a source of carbohydrates.

Pâté

A homogeneous wet-food texture.

Turkey

Can be listed fresh or dried; compare form, percentage and stated species.

Dry food

Low-moisture food usually presented as kibble.

Dehydrated chicken

Chicken ingredient with reduced moisture. Its position on the ingredient list depends on the weight added to the recipe; inspect other protein sources too.

Fresh chicken

Contains water; high pre-drying weight is not the same share in finished kibble.

As-fed percentage

A nutrient percentage in the food as sold, including water. A low protein percentage in canned food does not by itself mean less useful protein.

Pouch

A flexible sachet commonly used for wet food.

Prebióticos

Ingredients that act as substrate for beneficial gut microorganisms.

Treat

Food given outside the main ration whose energy contribution should be counted.

Probióticos

Live microorganisms that, in adequate amounts, may support gut balance.

Protein

A nutrient made of amino acids, essential for tissues and many functions.

Animal protein

Protein derived from animal-origin ingredients.

Crude protein

An analytical estimate of the total protein content of a food.

Dehydrated protein

An ingredient with much of its water removed before kibble production. Check the named species and exact composition; it is not automatically equivalent to fresh meat.

Proteína hidrolizada

Protein broken into smaller components, used in certain veterinary and elimination diets.

Plant protein

Protein from plant sources whose value depends on amino-acid profile and digestibility.

Psyllium

Soluble fiber from Plantago ovata seed husks. Some recipes use it to affect stool texture; the dose and complete recipe matter.

Apple pomace

Apple residue after juice extraction; supplies fiber, not large amounts of fruit.

Beet pulp

A fibre source commonly used in animal nutrition.

Puppy / Kitten

Growth foods with nutritional profiles adapted to puppies and kittens.

Quinoa

Pseudocereal providing starch and plant protein; assess the whole recipe.

Daily ration

An indicative daily amount that should be adjusted to the individual animal.

Target-weight ration

A portion calculated within an individual weight-management plan rather than directly from today's scale reading. A veterinarian should set the target and follow-up when obesity or disease is involved. Include treats and other foods in the total.

Calcium-to-phosphorus ratio

A comparison of calcium and phosphorus amounts in a complete diet. It matters particularly during growth; looking at calcium alone can mislead. Do not add supplements to a complete puppy or kitten food without veterinary advice.

Renal

A term associated with the kidneys; therapeutic diets require veterinary guidance.

Salmon

Oily fish listed fresh or dried; check its percentage and form.

Sardine

Small fish; EPA and DHA contribution depends on amount and processing.

Flaxseed

A seed used in some recipes for fat and fiber. Its plant omega 3 is not the same as EPA and DHA from marine oils.

Senior

Food adapted to mature life stages, which vary by species, size and individual condition.

Snack

A complementary food or treat that should not displace a complete diet.

Sodium

An essential electrolyte for fluid balance and nerve function.

Sterilised

Ranges designed for neutered pets, usually adjusted to their energy and nutritional needs.

Animal by-products

Animal-origin ingredients whose nutritional value depends on their nature and processing.

Superpremium

A marketing term with no universal nutritional definition.

Tapioca

Cassava starch supplying energy; it is not equivalent to meat or fish.

Taurina

An amino acid especially important for cats and present in properly formulated complete foods.

Tyrosine

Amino acid made from phenylalanine and involved in pigmentation.

Food transition

A gradual change from one food to another to support adaptation.

Batch traceability

An identifier linking a particular pack to its production batch. Keep or photograph the lot number and date if your pet reacts unexpectedly or the maker issues a recall. A batch number by itself says nothing about recipe quality.

Threonine

Essential amino acid used in proteins and intestinal mucins.

Wheat

Grain with starch and gluten; its presence does not prove intolerance.

Tryptophan

Essential amino acid and serotonin precursor; it is not a behaviour treatment.

Urinary

Foods aimed at urinary health. If there is a medical condition, diet should be decided with a veterinarian.

Valine

Essential branched-chain amino acid; consider the full diet quality.

Vitamin A

A fat-soluble vitamin related to vision, skin and immunity.

Vitamin D

A vitamin related to calcium and phosphorus metabolism.

Vitamin E

A fat-soluble vitamin with antioxidant function.

Vitamins

Essential compounds required in small amounts for metabolism.

Carrot

Vegetable used for fiber and colour; its percentage matters more than a pack picture.

Zinc

An essential mineral related to skin, coat, immunity and enzymes.

Nutrition reference: FEDIAF · Nutritional Guidelines 2025 ↗